Unit 12 Books and Movies

Present Perfect

[has/have + past participle]

Examples:

• You have seen that movie many times.
• Have you seen that movie many times?
• You have not seen that movie many times.

Complete List of Present Perfect Forms

USE 1 Unspecified Time Before Now

We use the Present Perfect to say that an action happened at an unspecified time before now. The exact time is not important. You CANNOT use the Present Perfect with specific time expressions such as: yesterday, one year ago, last week, when I was a child, when I lived in Japan, at that moment, that day, one day, etc. We CAN use the Present Perfect with unspecific expressions such as: ever, never, once, many times, several times, before, so far, already, yet, etc.

Examples:

• I have seen that movie twenty times.
• I think I have met him once before.
• There have been many earthquakes in California.
• People have traveled to the Moon.
• People have not traveled to Mars.
• Have you read the book yet?
• Nobody has ever climbed that mountain.
• A: Has there ever been a war in the United States?
  B: Yes, there has been a war in the United States.

Exercises:

http://web2.uvcs.uvic.ca/elc/studyzone/410/grammar/pperf2.htm

B. I've have neever been there

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Irregular Simple Past and Past Participle Verb Forms Click here for a printable version  Simple Present Simple Past Past Participle arise awake be bear beat become begin bend bet bite bleed blow break bring build burn burst buy catch choose cling come cost creep cut deal dig dive do draw dream drink drive eat fall feed feel fight find fit flee fling fly forbid forget forgive forgo freeze get give go grind grow hang have hear hide hit hold hurt keep kneel knit know lay lead leap leave lend let lie (down) light lose make mean meet pay prove put quit read ride ring rise run saw say see seek sell send set sew shake shave shear shine shoot show shrink shut sing sink sit slay sleep slide sneak speak speed spend spill spin spit split spread spring stand steal stick sting stink strew strike strive swear sweep swim swing take teach tear tell think thrive throw undergo understand upset wake wear weave weep win wind withdraw wring write arose awoke was, were bore beat became began bent bet bit bled blew broke brought built burned or burnt burst bought caught chose clung came cost crept cut dealt dug dived or dove did drew dreamed or dreamt drank drove ate fell fed felt fought found fit, fitted fled flung flew forbade or forbad forgot forgave forwent froze got gave went ground grew hung or hanged had heard hid hit held hurt kept knelt or kneeled knitted or knit knew laid led leapt or leaped left lent let lay lit or lighted lost made meant met paid proved put quit read rode rang rose ran sawed said saw sought sold sent set sewed shook shaved sheared shone or shined shot showed shrank or shrunk shut sang sank sat slew slept slid sneaked or snuck spoke sped spent spilled or spilt spun spat or spit split spread sprang stood stole stuck stung stank or stunk strewed struck strove or strived swore swept swam swung took taught tore told thought thrived or throve threw underwent understood upset woke or waked wore wove wept won wound withdrew wrung wrote arisen awoken been borne beaten or beat become begun bent bet bitten bled blown broken brought built burned or burnt burst bought caught chosen clung come cost crept cut dealt dug dived done drawn dreamed or dreamt drunk driven eaten fallen fed felt fought found fit, fitted fled flung flown, forbidden or forbade forgotten forgiven forgone frozen gotten or got given gone ground grown hung or hanged had heard hidden hit held hurt kept knelt or kneeled knitted or knit known laid led leapt or leaped left lent let lain lit or lighted lost made meant met paid proved or proven put quit read ridden rung risen run sawed or sawn said seen sought sold sent set sewn or sewed shaken shaved or shaven sheared or shorn shone or shined shot shown or showed shrunk or shrunken shut sung sunk sat slain slept slid sneaked or snuck spoken sped spent spilled or spilt spun spat or spit split spread sprung stood stolen stuck stung stunk strewn struck or stricken striven or strived sworn swept swum swung taken taught torn told thought thrived or thriven thrown undergone understood upset woken or waked worn woven wept won wound withdrawn wrung written

Exercises:

http://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/irregular-verbs-exercise-3.html
http://wwwedu.ge.ch/cptic/prospective/projets/anglais/exercises/irregverbs1.htm

UNIT 11 First Impressions

A.  First Impressions

Adverbs of manner 

Adverbs of manner tell us how something happens. In this episode of The Flatmates, Paul says: '...that ended very abruptly...'. If we ask: how did it end? - The answer is 'abruptly'. Paul also says: '...she calmly announced that she had fallen in love with someone else.' If we ask: how did she announce it? - The answer is 'calmly'. Other examples: He swims fast. How does he swim? - fast. She sings beautifully. How does she sing? - beautifully. I opened the door wide. How did I open the door? - wide. She quickly finished her dinner. How did she finish? - quickly.

Adverbs of manner - position 

Adverbs of manner are usually placed after the main verb. He swims fast. She sings beautifully. It is possible to place the adverb before the verb. This places emphasis on the adverb. She calmly announced that she had fallen in love with someone else. She quickly finished her dinner. But some adverbs are always placed after the verb. These adverbs are: well, badly, hard, fast. The team well played. - WRONG The team played well. - RIGHT He performed badly. The students tried hard. (note: hard is an irregular adverb - don't sayhardly) The dogs ran fast. (note: fast is an irregular adverb - don't sayfastly)

Adverbs of manner - verbs with objects 

If the verb has an object, the adverb of manner is usually placed afterthe object, not between the verb and object. I opened wide the door. - WRONG I opened the door wide. - RIGHT He ate the chocolate cake greedily. She typed the email hurriedly. However, it is still possible to place the adverb before the verb, to emphasise the adverb. He greedily ate the chocolate cake. She hurriedly typed the email.

Adverbs of manner - beginning position 

Some writers put an adverb of manner at the beginning of a sentence, to catch the reader's attention and make him/her curious: Slowly, carefully, she opened the box. This use of adverb position makes the reader want to find out more. What is in the box? Why did she open it slowly and carefully?

Adverbs of manner - more than one verb 

When there is more than one verb in a clause, the position of the adverb is very important. If it is placed with the verb, it modifies the action described by the verb. If it is placed at the end of the clause, it describes the manner of the whole action described in the clause. Compare: She slowly decided to leave the party. = slowly modifies decided. She decided to leave the party slowly. = slowly modifies leave the party. The teacher quietly asked the children to finish their game. = quietlymodifies asked. The teacher asked the children to finish their game quietly. = quietlymodifies finish (their game).

Adverb modifiers - a bit, quite, most, fairly, very, extremely 

You can give more information about most adverbs of manner by using a word such as: a bit quite most fairly really very extremely These words are always placed before the adverb. Very carefully, she carried the baby upstairs. She carried the baby upstairs very carefully. She very carefully carried the baby upstairs. He finished his homework really quickly.

Common adverbs of manner 

angrily badly beautifully calmingly carefully cautiously cleverly dangerously eagerly excitedly foolishly fast furiously greedily happily hard hurriedly kindly nervously politely quickly quietly secretly silently slowly softly stupidly unhappily well wickedly willingly wisely

Vocabulary 

hang up (v)  to end a telephone call by deliberately breaking the connection  end of story when English speakers use this informal phrase, they mean that there is no reason to continue discussing something - there's no more to be said  it's over the relationship is finished  abruptly (adv) suddenly, without warning  announced said something formally, publicly or officially. Paul uses the verb 'announce' to show that his wife did not discuss their separation with him  moved out took all his belongings and left his home to go and live somewhere else Exercises: https://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/word-order/exercises?08 http://www.learnenglish.de/games/adverbs/adverbs.html B. What do you want to do? Many different verbs are followed, or can be followed, by a second verb in the infinitive. All of the verbs listed on on this page are followed by a to-infinitive when the infinitive is used. Verbs marked with an asterix can also be followed by a that-clause, as shown in the examples. Verbs marked with two asterix can only be followed by a that-clause when the subject of the primary verb is "it". VERBS FOLLOWED BY THE INFINITIVE afford agree* aim appear** arrange* bother care claim* condescend consent decide* demand* determine* endeavour fail guarantee* happen* hasten have (= be obliged) hesitate hope* learn long manage offer prepare pretend* proceed promise* propose prove (= turn out) refuse resolve* seek seem** strive swear* tend threaten* trouble undertake volunteer vow* EXAMPLES I hope to see you next week. I hope that I'll see you next week. He claimed to be an expert. He claimed that she was an expert. I managed to reach the top of the hill. Would you care to swim? EXAMPLES It appeared that no-one had locked the door. He appeared to be lost. It seems that she is running late. She seems to be running late. VERBS FOLLOWED BY A NOUN + THE INFINITIVE accustom aid appoint assist cause challenge command* defy direct* drive empower enable encourage entice entitle entreat force get implore* incite induce inspire instruct* invite lead leave (= make someone responsible) oblige order* persuade* press prompt provoke remind* require* stimulate summon teach tell tempt trust* Exercises: http://speakspeak.com/english-grammar-exercises/intermediate/verb-infinitive-or-verb-gerund C. Men, woman and Internet The 3 articles in English are a, an and the. The learner has to decide noun-by-noun which one of the articles to use*. In fact, there are 4 choices to make, because sometimes no article is necessary. Native-speakers, of course, use the articles correctly without thinking in everyday spoken language. English learners, on the other hand, need to have some guidelines for making the right choice - particularly those learners whose own language does not have articles, such as Japanese or Korean. The guidelines that follow here should help ESL students to a basic understanding of English article use. The most important first step in choosing the correct article is to categorize the noun as count or uncount in its context**: - A count noun is a noun that can have a number in front of it: 1 teacher, 3 books, 76 trombones, 1,000,000 people. Exercises http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/nouns_articles/a_the.htm